Clove essential oil from Syzygium aromaticum buds is dominated by eugenol (70-90%), with eugenyl acetate and beta-caryophyllene as secondary components. Eugenol exerts analgesic action by activating and then desensitising TRPV1 receptors and inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels, which underlies its centuries-long use in dental pain relief.^[1] The oil's antimicrobial mechanism has been comprehensively reviewed: eugenol disrupts cell membranes and inhibits virulence factor production across a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.^[2]